Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by dark, discolored patches that usually appear on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is a form of hyperpigmentation caused by an overproduction of melanin in the skin. Melasma is often triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or genetic predisposition. Pigmentation issues refer to any irregularities in skin tone, including dark spots, uneven skin tone, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. While these conditions are not harmful, they can affect confidence and are often difficult to treat without professional intervention.